QUESTION 1:

In what ways does your media products use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?

The aim of this task was to successfully create, produce and develop a music promo video for our selected artist/band and their choice of genre. This project also entailed creating two forms of other related promotional material e.g. a digipak and a magazine advert to help advertise and promote the group along with their new single. When considering whom to choose to create a music promo video for, we went on the website www.unsigned.com to select an unsigned band that are of indie pop genre.

The purpose of the task I have been set is to produce promotional material for an album release. Therefore, it is essential that all formations of promotion; the music promo video, digipak and the magazine cover all are seen to be linked to one another e.g. through a logo or other element which all three have on each individual piece. The purpose is also to effectively hit their target market in a way that exposes them and broadcasts their individual talents, making the audience aware that they are actually a credible band which should ascertain some credit for their achievements. The promotional material such as the digipak and the advert should grasp the viewers’ attention and hopefully make them want to see more exposure and products from the band.

 



The elements required in a music promo video are diversification, which is what differentiates the product from anything else in the market at that moment in time. The artists/performers need to show the off their personalities and ideas which they have created to broadcast themselves from their competition of other bands/artists in that same style of genre. Their intended audience need to be able to watch their music promo video and instantly know these ideas have come from the actual artists as the context should portray everything the artist stands for e.g. the main characteristics of their style.

Other elements required that make up a music promo video are more visual effects that the audience can distinctively see and which are placed right in front of them for a significant reason.

 

 

Firstly, camera work used can create a vast variation of effects, music videos tend to use low angled shots/ high angled shots along with close up shots to extreme length shots also known as establishing shots. The type of shot variation is dependent on what image and effect the artist/band is trying to portray. An example of this would be many acoustic artists tend to include extreme close up shots of instruments in their music promo videos.

This is due to the individual artists broadcasting the talents and skills they have achieved through their music.

This technique is also shown through mid-shot cuts of actors performing solo’s to represent

their immaculate sync with the music which shows they are that skilled that they can perform under pressure.

 In the vast percentage of indie pop genre video such as the following below artist being Mumford and Son’s with their single ‘little lion man’ they use of shot variation is what is expected of this style of genre, and what when creating our music promo video, we should aim for.
 

 ESTABLISHING SHOT
(Used to show the location of the mise-en-scene and the relevance or non-relevance it has to the narrative and performance taking place. If the location is deserted it can create a sense of un-certainty and the location can have a big impact on the start of the narrative and the progression throughout the music video.)

 EXTREME CLOSE UP

(This technique is often used to show the skills of the band members when playing their particular instrument. However, this technique can also be used to show artists emotions and feelings they are trying to portray. In indie pop promo music videos it would be essential that the artists show a look of mystery)

 

 

MID SHOT
(It is essential that a vast amount of these are used, this type of shot shows three quarters of the band members body therefore, body language and their mannerisms can be assessed from looking at this type of shot)

 

 

CLOSE UP

(This technique can be used to show and focus on an object that has great relevance to the piece or even a ‘red herring’ that takes the focus of the actual message in the narrative and focuses on a new meaning completely. One significant object can show the real message behind the narrative which the band are trying to show.) 

Secondly, the editing techniques used also influence what style and feel to the music video the artist/band is trying to give off. An example of this would be if the tempo of music is upbeat and dramatic the artist may choose to use a montage of effects to represent the fast pace of the drama unfolding within the music video.

 

CALVIN HARRIS; 'LETS GO'

 

 

Another example would be if the lyrics and representation of the song were portrayed to be slow and meaningful this would guarantee the connotations of an acoustic style video. Therefore, as an audience we can guarantee that the editing effects used would be of either slow motion or reverse/re-wind as shown in the video bellow.

 

COLDPLAY; 'THE SCIENTIST'

 

 

The idea of disjuncture is shown through complete randomness of the view being set in re-wind. This is due to before I had seen the ending of the music video I was in awe and confusion as to what was happening until I realised it was back to front in order of narrative. The narrative is successful as by the end of the video, I had realised and gathered what had happened within the storyline.

 

 

When thinking of ideas for our editing on our indie pop promo music video, I found inspiration from similar bands such as The Script. After doing initial research on the band, I already knew what I thought worked well and what we aimed to try and imitate or replicate. This would involve trying to show Intertexuality through ‘Homage’, which is the highest form of flattery, while manipulating one text to show reference to another.

 

The mise-en-scene used by The Script such as location and use of props including variation of costumes is exactly the type of direction I intend to go down when creating concepts and ideas for the selection of song we aim to mime for and the video I aim to produce. The reason for this is all artists are seen to be wearing casual but smart clothing which shows of their mysterious nature which will intrigue the viewer and make them pay attention.

The layout of all three individuals is set in a particular shot which shows, the importance/ hierarchy of the artists and the relevance they have to that period of time in the song. The band member situated in the back of the shot, could be used to being in the back of shot or he could have been placed their due to the fact he is more timid and shy that other members of the band therefore, the positioning of artists could also be used to represent their personality traits and characteristics.

 

The mise-en-scene such as location within the music promo video is set in a warehouse. The background is key, as it is set in a deserted warehouse therefore; this meaning all props placed upon the scene will be of significant importance. This choice of background looks affective due to the lighting and depth of the camera shots used which make the music video look so effective and professional. However, if we aim to produce a music promo video in a similar location it is essential we take into consideration issues such as lighting and reflections of the artists upon the floor such as there shadows, which could potentially need to be edited out.

This leads onto the issue of elements of props used within music promo videos which represent the selection of genre they are trying to portray. In the above video, the band are wearing casual but smart clothing, which by carrying out initial target audience research, is what they our target audience expect to see.

 

In The Scripts music video there is an element of theory shown and proved. This is shown through Danny’s actions of playing out the actions linked to the lyrics within the song e.g. Danny bangs on his chest to the lines ‘You can be the King Kong banging on your chest’. This is applied to Andrew Goodwin’s theory of ‘Relation of visual to song’. This also shows illustration, due to the fact the lyrics within the song are being emphasised upon which means the audience will realise there is a significant link between the lyrics and the overall meaning of the song.

 

 

When analysing other indie pop music videos this theory also applies to the majority of them. Therefore, we can reason that Andrews Goodwin’s theory is applied to the vast percentage of indie pop genre music videos due to their passion portrayed and the way they emphasises the lyrics to show meaning.

The below image is a screen shot from The Killers; Mr Brightside. The singer is covering his face so he cannot see, when he sings the line ‘I cannot look its killing me’. Therefore, by showing the lyrics to the song through action this is also emphasising on Andrew Goodwin’s theory and the theory of illustrating the lyrics to the meaning of the song.

 

 

 

In other music videos theories are also applied. One example of this would be Laura Mulvey’s theory of the feminist theory of ‘Male Gaze’ This theory is that females are only looked upon as sex symbols and there only aim in music videos is for the focus of the male gaze. This is represented in the video below of Cheryl Cole; ‘Call my Name’. This theory is mainly applied to ‘Pop’ videos.

 

 

The combination of narrative and performance within indie pop promo videos is of a mixed balance. However, in some cases it is actually just performance on its own, rarely narrative on its own. This is due to the fact the artists/bands in indie pop genres aim is to broadcast and show of their talents. Therefore, this is why there is an extensive usage of close ups on instruments, as in most cases these are the only props used within any music video.

The usage of theory applied to any music video is mainly consisted of illustration, amplification and disjuncture.

·         Illustration à Is when the lyrics within the song for the music video is focused upon. Illustration is used in most cases, when there is a minimal budget for the music video.

Therefore, due to our minimal budget we had when creating our music promo video this was a potential idea we had considered.

 

·         Amplification à This is when the use of an amplifier or artificial device is used to make a signal stronger to the audience. Therefore, this enables the audience to try and find the deeper meaning in the music video. This is due to the links from the lyrics of the song and signifier being portrayed.

E.g. within our music promo video there is one shot of Hannah (the girlfriend in the storyline) looking down at a watch and crying. Therefore, the storyline within the piece is that her ex-boyfriend has killed himself and now he is a memory of her past. Therefore, by Hannah reminiscing on the watch, the audience should be wondering whose watch it is, and why she is crying, which should potentially lead them to the outcome that Kingston (the main male character) has died. 

·         Disjuncture à This is when the music video has no real relation to the lyrics within the performance. This including ignoring the content within the song and genre of music to help create a new set of meanings to the music video.

*This is a theory I am not aiming to include due to the fact I want my target audience to be perfectly clear on the genre of music I have chosen and I want this to be shown through using amplification and illustration within the content of the performance of my music video.

Example of an illustration music video:

MIKA- 'GRACE KELLY'

Example of an amplification music video:

OWL CITY - 'FIREFLIES'

Example of a disjuncture music video:

RADIO HEAD- 'NO SURPRISES'

The video below shows a mixture of all three types of performance within this one music video. This is due to the disjuncture of the performance being completely random and out there from anything else. This is then mixed to emphasis the illustration which is shown through the lyrics within the piece e.g. both actors standing next to each other but facing other way, to the lyrics ‘Now your just somebody that I used to know’. This showing that they used to know one another but by facing their backs to each other it shoes they are not interested with one another’s company any longer. This is also added to the amplification aspect of the music video, which is shown through emphasis of ‘taboo’ where the artists are seen to be naked minus the paint they are wearing. This could emphasise the sexual side of their relationship. The use of nudity is shunned upon in the music industry. Therefore, this is amplifying the message that this artist wants to take things to an extreme and therefore, maximising exposure and promoting themselves.

GOTYE - 'SOMEBODY THAT I USED TO KNOW'

Conventions of the indie pop genre:

 

 

Other bands which influenced our production were of similar style/genre and choose similar locations. One band in particular I did some initial research on was Mumford and Sons.

 

 

The following above band used a similar location for their mise-en-scene which was set within a warehouse and also used clothing which was of smart/casual vibe such as chinos, shirts and smart blazers.

Therefore, after doing this initial research it had confirmed in my mind that this was the right direction we should be aiming to do down to meet the connotations of our chosen genre while promoting and advertising them at the same time.

 

The costumes selected for our artists featured in our music promo video:

 

 

Therefore, when choosing the costumes for our actors to wear within our music promo video, it was essential we stuck to the conventions and what was expected of our style of chosen genre. Therefore, by putting two of our actors in shirts this re-enforced the smart side of this genre. By mixing these items with chino styled jeans it brought a more casual vibe to the smartness of the actors therefore, this leading to a balance between smart and casual. The main character within our music promo video wears a white polo shirt mixed with dark shade trousers. This technique is used to make the artists facial features stand out when his face is place above a bright t-shirt juxtaposed to a dark monochrome background.

 

The props used within indie genre videos are either objects that are discreet and subtle however, have maximum importance within the storyline. These objects can be used as signifier that represents a more important message within the piece.

The variations of shots expected in an indie genre video are a combination of close up shots of the artists face to show their emotions and emphasised passion for their song they are singing.

 

 <-- KAISER CHIEFS CLOSE UP

OUR MUSIC PROMO VIDEO CLOSE UP -->

 

 

There are also a vast usage of close up shots and extreme close up shots on pros used such as instruments. The use of close up’s on instruments being played by the artists broadcast the skills the individual artists have achieved.

 

<-- KAISER CHIEFS CLOSE UP ON GUITAR

 



 

 OUR MUSIC PROMO VIDEO CLOSE UP ON GUITAR -->

Pan shots are also used in indie pop genre videos to represent the movement of time and to focus on each member of the band, so the spotlight is not just focused on one member alone as each individual brings a certain aspect to the band which ultimately leads to their success.

 

 

(The image above shows a pan used in kaiser chief's video and two screen shots i have taken from our music promo video to show the pan used in our music video.)

The layout of the artists in the mise-en-scene is always the same formation for various bands in the indie genre.

 

 

(The following image above shows the mannerisms and layout of each various band, from analysing two existing indie pop bands such as Kaiser Chiefs and The Script, it was clear to see that the formation of all the individuals was almost in the same way as the next band. Therefore, the final image on the end is the layout of the actors for our band 4KICKS, by sticking to what I know works well and what methods other indie bands use, this hopefully will keep myself on track to understanding and producing a music promo video for my chosen genre.

 

Music promo video:

 

 

 

 

The digipak of my promotional package:

 

 

 

The magazine advert of my promotional package:

 

 

 

QUESTION 2:



How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary tasks?



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The three products which form the overall promotional package are clearly for the use of advertising and promotion of our selected band and their new single.  When creating each individual piece of the package it was essential that we kept to a particular theme which represented the band, through an item such as a logo or colour scheme, which when the viewer would see this, they would instantly recognise and know it belonged to this particular band.  If all products in the package are seen to be linked through a certain aspect, the artist will gain more publicity and recognition for their work which will ultimately lead to success. The colour scheme which we aim to link all formations of promotional material will be a monochrome background, which will make the artists and objects placed in front of the background stand out. This is also shown through the mise-en-scene such as props used e.g. clothing juxtaposed to the background colour. In all of our promotional material, we have included bright individual clothing which is very casual but cool and collective, which are representations of the indie genre. However, the clothing selected also links to the monochrome theme of colours standing out from the background, which will overall keep the attention of the viewer focused on the artists. Therefore, this meaning  by doing this method it has enabled myself to represent the features of an indie genre, while promoting the artist and sticking to a theme throughout all promotional material which distincts the band from any other band and represents them as an established band.

 

The way our promotional package will be exhibited is through traditional formations of media distribution methods such as via music channels, which is how our promo music video will be seen and recognised.  Our promotional material such as magazine covers and digipaks will either be seen in stores which sell music magazines or record stores such as HMV. The music channel I had selected within my initial audience research which would be the most successful music channel to advertise the single of our chosen indie pop band would be 4MUSIC. This is due to the fact I feel this music channel would be the most watched by our target audience of indie pop, due to the channel has the highest viewing figure of 7.4%. Therefore, this meaning it hits the largest potential market. Another reason for the selection of this music channel is due to the channel only broadcasts to UK and Republic of Ireland therefore, it will not necessarily have the attention of American viewers. Therefore, this meaning that music videos such as American ‘pop’ will not be the most viewed type of music video on this music channel. Another reason for my choice of selection of this music channel is due to for a duration of time the channel has a ‘new video’ programme which will play all latest videos. Therefore, due to the new release of single from my chosen band, they would fit into this programme selection, which would lead to them getting published and drawn to the viewer’s attention.

 

 



 

However, the only issue with using traditional distribution methods is due to the fact although it will reach a vast percentage of our target audience,  this type of method and the people visiting these forms of selling/buying are decreasing rapidly. This is due to the other forms of distribution available which are increasing their market share. 

One company that used traditonal distribution HMV, have gone into administration due to lack of purchases of CD's and other forms of merchandise due to the increase in online illegal downloading which is cheaper quicker, and more of an easier option to purchase music.




Therefore, I have decided that I will also use other forms of distribution channels which are newer and in fast moving markets which are aiming to potentially be the market leader in this type of market. This is methods such as YouTube and ITunes, which enable visitors to listen, buy or comment on the music promo videos they have watched. I also aim to use methods such as Facebook or Twitter, which I can promote my material such as magazine covers to hopefully get some feedback and interaction with members of our target audience to see if they thought my overall promotional material works well, what doesn’t and what could have be changed to make it overall better.  The reason for choosing these other methods of distribution is due to if we do not act fast and do not adapt to the change in consumer trends and the distribution network they choose, this could enable us to lose out on a significant segment of our target audience. Therefore, this would mean a percentage of our target audience would not be able to view, watch and comment on our promotional material, which could end in not enough feedback from our target audience so we would not be able to create a representable conclusion of what our target audience thought. Therefore, the higher percentage of our target audience which views the promotional package will potentially lead to higher sales revenue.

 

Firstly, I had researched one type of magazine that could broadcast a magazine cover in my promotional package which is GQ.  The magazine is specially aimed at the male gender and focuses on celebrities and artists within the industry. There is a section of the magazine which focuses on ‘male of year’ and broadcasts new talents etc. Therefore, this could potentially be a sector for my chosen band and my chosen genre too fit into. If I was to choose this method of distributing my magazine cover I would have to check all band members were able to be on the front cover, to get recognised and promoted to their intended audience.

 

However, one issue that could potentially arise is due to the magazine only being aimed at the male genre, it is possible that the band could lose out on some of their target audience due to the magazine only hitting one gender.

 

Therefore, due to the following above option not potentially being as successful and not hitting an overall extended audience. I then moved on to choosing  the distribution of the magazine advert of this promotional package, I had to considered to use 4MUSIC’S link with their company owner Box television, to distribute 4KICK’S magazine advert through their link with Heat Magazine. However, 4MUSIC has attained a synergetic link and bond with Bauer Media, due to the company owning and having access to eighty influential media brands including 4MUSIC.

Therefore, due to their network reaching over nineteen million UK adults every week, this ultimately would give 4KICKS the exposure needed to create awareness of the band which will hopefully lead to maximisation in sales.

 

 

 

Therefore, Bauer Media have ownership of Q Music therefore, Q Music Magazine could be a very successful potential advertisement magazine for our selected band 4KICKS.

Q Music magazine was first published in October 1986. Q Music Magazine is released monthly throughout the UK. This website also uses high standard printing and photography to show of the excess money behind the production side of the magazine. Therefore, their target audience can only expect the best and nothing less due to the non budget and nothing but the best attitude taken by the producers of the magazine. The aesthetically pleasing imagery and consistent colour/font of the wording within the magazine make the viewer feel as if they know what to expect with this magazine.

The magazine has an extensive selection of context such as new music releases, descriptions of live concerts, along with radio and television reviews of current indie pop bands.

This type of magazine uses a five star rating system of albums, singles and bands in general. This is something that we have used within our magazine advert after receiving inspiration from this magazine. If our intended target audience think a successful company rate our music promo video highly along with the bands new single it will persuade the viewer that the band are a creditable and achievable band that should achieve recognition for their achievements so far.

The magazine is also available online therefore, this enabling a larger potential target audience. The viral website allows viewers to interact, research, vote on polls etc which enables the viewer to feel part of the overall magazine.

 

 

The digipak produced in my promotional material will be broadcasted as an image online via social networking sites e.g. Facebook, to gain feedback on the success or negative aspects of what my intended audience thought worked well and what did not work well. I will use traditional methods such as in shops when they are sold directly to consumers. However, I will also use online methods such as via iTunes. However, the disadvantages of allowing consumers to purchase this digipak online is the issue of illegal downloading such as music downloaded on e.g. Spotify for free. However, the advantages of allowing consumers to purchase digipaks online would be it allows for a larger target market e.g. target audience in other countries that would not have access to this if the promotion and advertising of this package would done solely in the UK and stores within our country.

 

The digipak shown above represents the narrative and performance side of the music promo video. This is due to the image of the actor’s facial expression shown on the left hand corner, which uses an editing effect, to make the actors eyes stand out due to the shading of black colouring used. This technique used could represent the emptiness within the actor’s emotions, this mixed with the blank look on the actors face, which could also represent the strain and tiredness the actor has felt through what has happened in the narration side of the music video. This is then juxtaposed to the editing effect of making the actors inside of his eyes a dark red. Red connotes danger, pain and alarm therefore; the viewer of this promotional piece will instantly recognise that there is a dark message behind the storyline portrayed of what has actually happened within the storyline.

 

The digipak also shows a mid-shot of all members of the band. This is useful and a necessity when creating ideas for any digipak as it is essential that a photo of some formation is used of the artists to broadcast them as individuals. This also enables the prospect of their target audience being able to recognise them in future projects, which will potentially create a band image for them which will hopefully lead to maximisation in profit margins.

The digipak also shows mid shots and close ups shots of instruments and the artists playing the instruments; from doing initial audience research I found this was essential in all indie pop music

On this digipak I have also included a list of the bands song’s placed on the back cover along with a bar code for the produce, this is essential when creating any digipak to create a professional and believable product.  

The magazine cover shown above broadcasts and shows of the individuals, the mannerisms, their clothing worn and the way they look and how they fit into their selected genre. All artists are placed in smart but causal clothing, which after undertaking initial audience research, I had established was a connotation of the indie genre. This image uses a monochrome effect as the artists are placed upon a dark shaded background, which when placed in front of it makes them stand out. Therefore, this draws all the attention to the artists and makes the viewer focus on them.

The band’s name is displayed along with their name of their new single, which therefore, promotes the new single to their target audience. There is also a date of which the single will be released therefore, it gives their target audience exposure as to when they may purchase the bands new single. Therefore, this is also a publicity stunt due to the exposure of the band already received and the build-up which will follow after the date is released. Therefore, this is a technique of keeping the audience intertwined with the band in some formation.

There is also a link to the official website of the band therefore, their target audience can go on the website to communicate with the company producing the band and find out useful and relevant information about new singles/tour dates etc. There are also ratings of the band’s music from relevant companies of the same genre and of which whom play the bands song’s via their network. Therefore, this is a formation of critique that gives the intended audience an insight in to what other people would say about the bands new single. This could potentially be a hinder to the band or a positive due to negative reviews could minimise the option of an increase in target audience however, this could also create exposure to new potential customers.

DECONSTRUCTION OF MUSIC PROMO VIDEO:

The music promo video we created, contained every effect we had planned to achieve through doing the planning process of this overall project. This is due to for the start of our music promo video, we intended to use a extreme close up slightly tilted low angled shot, of which the lead singers foot steps would walk into shot and the viewer would see the shadowing appear. This effect was used to create the mystery of the object show and the audience would hopefully be wondering what was to happen next. Therefore, this meaning they would want to carry on watching to achieve finding out what was going to happen.

The video then moves on to an extreme close up shot of Kingston singing, it is obvious to the audience that Kingston has perfectly achieved singing in time with the music therefore, this reduces the chance of the singing not being in sync with the music, which could make the video look ammeter.

The music video then moves on to an edit that I tested within the planning stage of production. This edit is using added effects to create the shot which  would look as if it is part of footage of an old video.

This effect was used to show a screen shot of the couple at a happier time in their relationship.

On this effect, while editing I had added instead of 'camera 1' we changed this to 'Memory 1', to represent the memories within the actors heads.

 

The music video then moves on to the section where the speed of action is sped up to represent a faster change in pace. This technique is used for when it is a point of view shot of someone walking up the stairs and walking into Hannah's room to see her sleeping. This technique was used to show someone watching Hannah therefore, showing that someone is always with her however, she is un-aware of this.

A pan shot is then used to show all sides of the artists and mise-en-scene they are located in. When creating this shot we have to use a Pallet truck (due to that being the only thing we had access to a the time) to place the camera and the camera stand on this machinery to move around at a slow pace to keep the shot steady.

 The next shot we filmed we added an editing effect to this shot. The editing effects we added was a mid shot of Kingston which was already there, placed with two light fade in shots of the guitarist Joel, being placed on the screen also. This then led to an even more obvious enlargment of the guitar upon the screen which enabled the bands skills to be shown off while also showing that we have kept in sync with the music of the song.

 



The music video then moves on to a mid shot of Hannah asleep in her bed however, she is shuffling around as if she is having a nightmare. Therefore, this shows the whole situation which is happening is effecting her.

The shot then moves on to a high angled shot looking down on the band from above. This effect is used to show the band from a different perspective, this could show authority to the viewer as they are higher up than the band. Therefore, the viewer may feel as if they can recogn with the band therefore, they will feel more equal and be able to relate to them.

The music video then moves on to close ups of the instruments, focusing on how in sync they are with the music. It is essential to keep in exact time with the song throughtout or we will have not achieved the overall aim of this project. It will not look believable enough and we will not have produced the best possible standard of work we could have.

The music video then moves on to a lighting effect we had used to show a bright light followed by a black fade out. This effect was used to represent eyes opening and then closing to represent and emphasise on the nightmare idea mentioned earlier. This meaning Hannah would be trying to open her eyes as she is aware she is not 100% comfortable however, she does not feel she has the strenght too.

The next shot is then another assemble of two shots mixed into one another. This technique is sucsessful as a merger of shots shows of two artists at once along with their skills.

The next shot is a close up shot Kingston singing. The shot has been taken from the right side of the camera (looking at the artist). This technique has not quite been effective as in this shot it is quite clear to see the background objects which do not have an relevance to the perfomance side of the music video. This is something we did not wish to achieve therefore, if we was to carry out this project again this would be something we try to not do again.



The next shot is a range of shots used to show the effect we tried to portray of Kingston appearing as a ghost in the mirror. The shot started with Hannah looking at herself in the mirror applying mascara to her eye lashes. This is the followed by her bending over to put the mascara down, in which a fade to black shot occurs. When Hannah looks up again she thinks she has seen Kingston looking back at her within the mirror. However, when she turns round he is no longer there. Therefore, it appears to her and us an audience, that it has just been a figure of her imagination.

 

 

The next shot is the scene between Kingston and Hannah where he is portayed to be there shouting at her however, he is meant to appear to the audience as he is not actually there as Hannah had to use her acting skills of showing to the audience she cannot see him. Therefore, this would make the audience wonder as to whether Hannah can actually see him, or is he just there as a figure of her immagination.

 



The next shot is an extreme close up of Hannah's face showing how she is crying over the watch she has in her hand that belongs to her ex boyfreind. This is juxtaposed to a blurred image of a figure in the background which is meant to be represented as Kingston.

 



The next shot is a close up of Kingston singing however, the position he is in has enabled the strobe lighting behind him to be emphasised upon. This also highlights his warm breath upon the cold microphone he is singing into. 

 

Finally, the last shot is of all members after they have finished their perfomance the guitarist throws his drumming sticks into the air and they land infront of the camera. Therefore, this enables the effect on the object flying on the screen, in which the viewers will ponder over what the object was that has appeared on the screen.